Migrantes latinoamericanos. Reserva laboral trasnacional del capitalismo de libre comercio en América del Norte y la Unión Europea

Abstract

Latin-American immigrants. Capitalism free of trade in North America and the European Union’s labour transnational reserve. Within the new international work division, immigrant workers and the Mexican, Central American and Caribbean maquila industry workers are an essential part for the north American labour market and for the labour reserve of the north American and Canadian capitals because of its low cost which makes this work force be a competitive and comparative advantage in the regional level (NAFTA) in order to face up other geoeconomical blocks (UE y ASEAN) in the fight for the global markets. In turn, the south American immigrant labour force has become an important part of the transnational labour reserve of the north American capitalism but has become more important mostly in the European Union and in to a lesser extent, in Japan. In order to have a greater control of these workers and to maintain the migratory flows regulated, the United States and in a certain extent some countries of the European Union, have established mechanisms to make their immigration politics regional. The workers, in turn, have begun to organize themselves in a transnational way in order to defend their labour, political and social rights. KEY WORDS: immigration, labour reserve, transnational organization, labour market.